JavaScript
JavaScript is a dynamic programming language that’s essential for developing interactive and complex features on web pages, ranging from animated graphics to complex web applications. Unlike HTML and CSS, which provide structure and style, JavaScript brings web pages to life by enabling real-time updates, interactive maps, animated 2D/3D graphics, scrolling video jukeboxes, and more. It operates on the client side, directly in the user’s browser, enhancing user experience without the need for new page loads.